တစ္ျခားဆက္စပ္ေနေသာ ဖြံၿဖိဳးမႈ႕ဆုိင္ရာ အားနည္းခ်က္မ်ား
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
Most people with ADHD have difficulty with both inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. For some people with ADHD, their difficulties mainly lie in just one of these two areas. ADHD has an impact on day-to-day life, including school, work and relationships.
ADHD tends to run in families, and most children who are diagnosed get the diagnosis between the ages of 6 and 12.
ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder)
ADHD ျဖစ္ေသာသူအမ်ားစုသည္ တစ္ခုခုကို အာရံုစိုက္ရန္ခက္ခဲျခင္း ႏွင့္ အလြန္အမင္း ထၾကြလြယ္ျခင္း စေသာ ျပသနာမ်ားရိွတက္သည္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ကေတာ႔ ထို ျပသနာ ႏွစ္ခုထဲမွ တစ္ခု တည္းသာရိွတက္ၾကသည္။ ADHD မ်ားသည္ ေက်ာင္း၊အလုပ္၊ လူမႈဆက္ဆံေရး အစရိွတဲ႔ ေန႔စဥ္ဓူဝ ကိစၥ မ်ား၌ ျပသနာမ်ားႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ၾကံဳေလ႔ရိွသည္။ ADHD ကို ကေလးအသက္ အသက္ ၆ ႏွစ္ မွ ၁၂ ႏွစ္ ၾကားတြင္ သိရိွမႈ ပိုမ်ားသည္။
Hearing impairment
The NHS offers hearing screening for all newborn babies in their first few weeks. Early diagnosis increases their chances of good communication and language development.
Some autistic people have sensory processing difficulties. If you or the person you are care for or support is sensitive to noise, arrange a hearing test through your GP.
Professionals who specialise in autism and hearing impairment do not always agree on the best approaches. But many professionals have found that when parents teach their child sign language at an early stage, it can help them to communicate and assist their learning as they grow up. Some communication approaches to try include: visual supports, objects of reference, British Sign Language (BSL) and Makaton.
Hearing impairment
ကေလး ေမြးၿပီး တစ္ပတ္အတြင္း နားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ အၾကားဆုိင္ရာ စစ္ေဆးမႈမ်ားျပဳလုပ္သင့္သည္။ ေစာစီစြာ သိရိွ၍ လိုအပ္ေသာ အကူအညီ မ်ားကို ရရိွက ကေလးအတြက္မ်ားစြာ အေထာက္အကူ ျပဳပါသည္။
တစ္ခ်ဳိ႕ေသာ Autistic ကေလးမ်ားသည္ အာရံု ခံမႈ ျဖစ္စဥ္မ်ား၌ အခက္အခဲမ်ားရိွတက္ၾကသည္။ အကယ္၍ သင့္ကေလး သည္ အသံၾကားျခင္းဆိုင္ရာ ႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ ျပသနာရိွလွ်င္ ဆရာဝန္ႏွင့္ တိုင္ပင္သင့္သည္။ ျပသနာကို ေစာစီစြာ သိရိွလွ်င္ Sign Language သင္ၾကားေပးျခင္းျဖင့္ ကေလး၏ အနာဂတ္ကို အေထာက္အပံ့ေပးႏိုင္သည္။
Down's syndrome
Down's syndrome is a lifelong condition that causes delays in learning and development. It cannot be cured, but people with the condition can be supported to live a happy and independent life.
Most parents find out that their baby has Down's syndrome soon after their birth. It occurs because some babies' cells contain an extra chromosome 21.
All people with Down's syndrome will have some degree of learning disability. Children with Down's syndrome do learn to walk, talk and be toilet trained but in general will meet these developmental milestones later than children who do not have Down's syndrome. They may find it easier to learn visually, like many people on the autism spectrum, and learn to talk more easily if the main words are signed as well as spoken.
Down's syndrome
Down's syndrome ဆိုသည္မွာ ဘဝတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ ဦးေႏွာက္က သင္ယူမႈ၊ ဖြံၿဖိဳးမႈ ေနာက္ၾကျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ကုသ၍ မရေသာ္လည္း ေကာင္းစြာ ေထာက္ပံ့ မႈမ်ားေပးႏုိင္ပါက ေဘးမွ ေစာင့္ေရွာက္မႈအကူအညီ မလို ဘဝကို ေပွ်ာ္ရႊင္စြာျဖတ္သန္းနုိင္သည္။
Down's syndrome ျဖစ္ေသာကေလးအမ်ားစုကို မိဘ မ်ားက ေမြးၿပီးၿပီးခ်င္းသိရိွၾကသည္။ အဘယ္ေၾကာင့္ဆိုေသာ္ တစ္ခ်ဳိ႔ကေလးမ်ား၏ Cell သည္ Chromosome 21 တစ္ခု ပိုပါေနတက္သည္။
Down's syndrome ျဖစ္သူမ်ား အားလံုးသည္ သင္ၾကားမႈ႔ျဖစ္ႏုိင္၊မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ အနည္းအမ်ားသည္ကြာျခားတက္သည္။ တစ္ခ်ဳိ႕ကေတာ႔ လမ္းေလွ်ာက္ႏိုင္၊စကားေျပာႏိုင္၊အေပါ့အေလး မ်ား ကိုယ္တိုင္ေျဖရွင္းႏိုင္ၾကသည္။ သူတို႔ကိုအျမင္ (Visual) ျဖင့္သင္ၾကားေပးျခင္းသည္ ပိုမို သင္ၾကားရလြယ္ကူသည္။
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a lifelong specific learning difficulty which mainly affects the development of literacy and language related skills. It affects the way information is processed, stored and retrieved, with problems of memory, speed of processing, time perception, organisation and sequencing.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia သည္ စာတက္ေျမာက္(Literacy)မႈႏွင့္ ဘာသာစကား သင္ၾကားမႈ႕ (Language)မ်ားႏွင့္ပတ္သက္၍ ခက္ခဲေသာ ျပသနာ ျဖစ္သည္။ အခ်က္အလက္ရယူမႈ႕၊ သိုေလွာင္မႈ႕၊ ျပန္လည္ အသံုးခ်မႈ၊ တို႔တြင္ မွတ္ဥာဏ္နည္းျခင္း၊ လွ်င္ျမန္စြာ ျပန္လည္အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္မႈ႕မရိွျခင္း၊သေဘာေပါက္ရန္ခက္ခဲျခင္း၊အစီအစဥ္တက် ျပန္လည္ အသံုးျပဳျခင္း တို႕တြင္ျပသနာ ရိွသည္။
Dyspraxia
Dyspraxia is thought to be caused by the way that the brain processes information, which results in messages not being properly or fully transmitted. It affects the planning of what to do and how to do it, and is associated with problems of perception, language and thought. Dyspraxia sometimes runs in families.
Autistic people often have difficulties with motor co-ordination and, if they are significantly affected in this way, may also be given a formal diagnosis of dyspraxia. As with autism, people with dyspraxia may be over- or under-sensitive to certain sensory stimuli.
Dyspraxia
ွွDyspraxia သည္ ဦးေႏွာက္က ရရိွလာေသာ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္ကို(Information)ကိုေကာင္းစြာ (သို႕) အျပည့္အဝ အသံုးခ်ႏိုင္ျခင္းမရိွေသာ အားနည္ခ်က္ျဖစ္သည္။ ထိုအတြက္ေၾကာင့္ (၁) နားလည္သေဘာေပါက္ျခင္းႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာ၊ (၂) ဘာသာစကားႏွင့္ပတ္သတ္ေသာ၊ (၃)အေတြးအေခၚ ႏွင့္ပတ္သက္ေသာ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကို "ဘာလုပ္မလဲ၊ဘယ္လိုလုပ္ရမလဲ" ဟု စီစဥ္ရာ၌ ေကာင္းေကာင္း မလုပ္ေဆာင္ႏိုင္ေျခ။
Autism မ်ားတြင္ motor co-ordination အားနည္းျခင္းမ်ား ရိွေလ႔ရိွၾကသည္။ အကယ္၍ သိသိသာသာ အားနည္းေနပါက Dyspraxia ကိုပါစစ္ေဆးသင့္သည္။ Autism မ်ားမွာ Dyspraxia ျဖစ္ေနပါက အာရံုခံစားမႈ႕(sensory stimuli) မွာ အလြန္ နည္းျခင္း (သို႔) အလြန္ နည္းေနျခင္းမ်ား ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။
Epilepsy
Epilepsy is a condition in which a person has a tendency to have seizures that start in the brain. Many types of seizure can occur and epilepsy can affect anyone at any age.
About one in every 100 people has epilepsy. Autistic people are at heightened risk, with between 20% and 40% having epilepsy. This rate increases steadily with age.
Some behaviours associated with autism can look like seizures, eg staring or repetitive movements. Any concerns should be explored by a specialist.
Epilepsy
Epilepsyသည္ seizures မၾကာခဏျဖစ္တက္ေသာ ေရာဂါတစ္ခုျဖစ္သည္။ (Seizures ဆိုသည္မွာ ဦးေႏွာက္အတြင္း ရုတ္တရက္ လွ်ပ္စီး အေျပာင္းအလဲေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္ေပၚလာေသာ မထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ ႏိုင္ေသာ အမႈအက်င့္၊ေရႊ႕လ်ားမႈ၊ ခံစားမႈ႕၊သတိရိွမႈ တုိ႕ျဖစ္သည္။) လူ ၁၀၀ တြင္ ၁ ေယာက္ ႏႈန္း ျဖင့္ Epilepsy ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။ Autistic မ်ားသည္ သာမန္ထက္ ၂၀ % မွ ၄၀% ပို၍ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။
တခ်ိဳ႕ Autism အျပဳအမႈမ်ားသည္ Seizures ႏွင့္တူသည္။ ဥပမာ ေငးၾကည္႕ေနျခင္း၊ ထပ္ခါတလဲလဲ ျပဳမႈတက္ျခင္း။
Fetal anti-convulsant syndrome (FACS)
Fetal anti-convulsant syndrome (FACS) can occur when a woman takes epilepsy medications (anti-convulsants) during pregnancy. Not every child who is exposed to these medicines will have FACS. A child with FACS may have a delay in developing speech and language or may have difficulties with social interaction, memory and attention. Some may also have other conditions, such as spina bifida. A number of children with FACS also have a diagnosis of autism.
Fetal anti-convulsant syndrome (FACS)
Fetal anti-convulsant syndrome (FACS) ဆိုသည္မွာ မိခင္က ကိုယ္ဝန္ေဆာင္ ခ်ိန္တြင္ Epilepsy ႏွင့္ဆိုင္ေသာ ေဆးမ်ားေသာက္သံုးျခင္းေၾကာင့္ ျဖစ္သည္။ ကေလးတိုင္းတြင္ မျဖစ္ပါ။ သူတို႕ဟာ ဘာသာစကား ဖြံၿဖိဳးမႈ ေႏွးျခင္း၊ လူမႈ႕ဆက္ဆံေရး ခက္ခဲျခင္း၊ မွတ္ဥာဏ္ ႏွင့္ အာရံုစိုက္မႈ အားနည္းျခင္း တို႕ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္။
Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X Syndrome is the most common known cause of inherited learning disability, affecting one in 4,000 men or boys and one in 6,000 women or girls. People with Fragile X Syndrome can have mild to severe learning disabilities. Their speech and language development may be delayed and they can experience anxiety in social situations.
Behaviours associated with Fragile X can include a short attention span, impulsiveness, overactivity, dislike of eye contact, difficulty in relating to other people, the need for a familiar routine, repetitive speech and hand flapping or hand biting.
Some of these are similar to difficulties that autistic people may experience. However, autism and Fragile X Syndrome are two different diagnoses. Some people are diagnosed with both.
Fragile X syndrome
Fragile X syndrome ဆိုတာ သင္ၾကားမႈ ခက္ခဲေသာ အေၾကာင္းအရာျဖစ္ပါသည္။ ေယာက္က်ားကေလးတြင္ ၄၀၀၀ ေယာက္မွာ ၁ ေယာက္၊ မိန္းကေလးတြင္ ၆၀၀၀ ေယာက္တြင္ ၁ ေယာက္ ႏႈန္းႏွင္ ျဖစ္လွ်က္ရိွပါသည္။ ကေလးေတြဟာ အသင္သင့္ မွ လံုးဝ သင္ယူ ၍မရ ပါ။ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ အေျပာ၊ဘာသာစကား တုိ႕ ဖြံၿဖိဳးမႈ ေႏွးေကြး ၿပီး လူမႈဆက္ဆံေရးမွာ ျပသနာ ရိွေနတက္သည္။
သူတို့ဟာ ၾကာၾကာအာရံုစူးစိုက္ႏိုင္မႈ႕ နည္းျခင္း၊ အလြန္တက္ၾကြျခင္း၊ မ်က္လံုးျခင္း ဆံုျခင္း၍ ဆက္သြယ္စကားေျပာျခင္းကို မႏွစ္သက္ျခင္း၊ တစ္ျခားသူမ်ားႏွင့္ အေပါင္းအသင္းမလုပ္ျခင္း၊ ပံုမွန္လုပ္ေနက် မွ ကြဲလြဲေသာ ျဖစ္စဥ္မ်ားကို မႏွစ္သက္ျခင္း၊ စကားတစ္လံုးကို ထပ္ခါတလဲလဲ ေျပာဆိုျခင္း၊ လက္ခုတ္တီေနတက္ျခင္း ႏွင္႔ ပါးစပ္ျဖင္႔လက္ကို ကိုက္တက္ျခင္း တို႕ ျပဳမႈေလ႔ရိွသည္။ အထက္ပါအေၾကာင္းမ်ားေၾကာင္႔သူတုိ့ဟာ Autism ကေလးမ်ားႏွင္႔ ျပဳမႈပံုအေတာ္တူသည္။
Hyperlexia
Hyperlexia is characterised by an intense fascination with letters or numbers or, in younger people, an ability to read far beyond their age. People with hyperlexia may, nevertheless, have difficulty understanding verbal language and interacting and socialising with others. Find out more at Hyperlexia UK.
Hyperlexia
Hyperlexia ဆိုသည္မွာ စာလံုးမ်ား ဂဏန္နံပါတ္မ်ားကို အလြန္တရာ စိတ္ဝင္စားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။ ကေလးမ်ားသည္ သူတို့ အရြယ္ႏွင္႔မလိုက္ေအာင္ စာလံုး ဂဏန္းနံပါတ္မ်ားကို မွတ္ႏိုင္သည္။ ဒါေပမယ့္စကာေျပာဆို၊ အျပန္အလွန္အျပဳအမႈ၊ လူမႈဆက္ဆံေရးတို့တြင္ အခက္အခဲမ်ားရိွသည္။
Learning disabilities
Autistic people can have different 'degrees' of learning disability, which can affect all aspects of their life, from studying in school to learning how to wash themselves or make a meal. Some people will be able to live fairly independently - although they may need a degree of support to achieve this - while others may require lifelong, specialist support. People with a diagnosis of Asperger syndrome do not usually have accompanying learning disabilities, but may still have specific learning difficulties, such as dyslexia.
Learning disabilities
Autistic ကေလးမ်ားသည္ သင္ယူမႈတြင္ အနည္းအမ်ား ျပသနာမ်ားရိွသည္။ သူတို့ရဲ႕ ေက်ာင္းစာသင္ၾကားျခင္းမွ အစ တစ္ကိုယ္ရည္ သန္႔ရွင္းေရး၊ အစားစားျခင္း တုိ႕ အထိ အားနည္းခ်က္မ်ားရိွႏိုင္သည္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ေတြကေတာ႔ အတင့္အသင့္ ေန႔စဥ္ ဓူဝမ်ားကို လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏိုင္သည္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔ကေတာ႕ ဘဝတစ္ေလွ်ာက္ သူတစ္ပါကို မွီခို အားထားရန္ လိုအပ္သည္။ ကေတာ့ သင္ယူတက္ေျမာက္ေရးတြင္ ျပသနာ မရိွ ေသာ္လည္း တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔အရာမ်ားတြင္ အားနည္းခ်က္ေတြရိွသည္။
Social Communication Disorder
This diagnosis might be given where someone exhibits the social communication and interaction aspects of autism, but does not show restricted, repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities.
A person with social communication disorder will have difficulties with verbal and non-verbal communication that cannot be explained by low cognitive ability, will have difficulties in learning and using spoken and written language, and will give inappropriate responses in conversation. Social relationships, academic achievement and occupational performance can be affected.
Some people with these characteristics may have been given a diagnosis of Semantic Pragmatic Disorder or Pragmatic Language Impairment.
Social Communication Disorder
ဒီ Social Communication Disorder ဟာ Autism ကဲ႔သို့ လူမႈဆက္ဆံေရး ႏွင့္ ဆက္သြယ္ေရးတြင္ ျပသနာ ရိွေသာ္လည္း ကန္႔သတ္စြာ စိတ္ဝင္စားမႈ၊ ထပ္ခါတလဲလဲျပဳမႈ႔တို႔ ကိုမႈ Autism မ်ားကဲ႔သို႔ ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္း မရိွေျခ။ Social Communication Disorder မ်ားသည္ ႏႈတ္ျဖင္႔ဆက္သြယ္ျခင္း ႏွင္႔ ကိုယ္အမႈအရာ ျဖင္႔ ဆက္သြယ္ျခင္း တို႔၌ နာလညး္ႏုိင္စြမ္း နည္း၍ ဘာသာစကား(spoken)၊ အေရး (written) သင္ယူျခင္း ႏွင္႔ အသံုးျပဳျခင္း တို႔တြင္ ျပသနာ မ်ားရွိႏုိင္၍ လူမွုဆက္ဆံေရး, ပညာေရးေအာင္ျမင္မွုႏွင့္လုပ္ငန္းခြင္စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ထိခိုက္ေစနိုင္သည္။
Visual impairment
Visual impairment is 'a profound permanent reduction or absence of vision that cannot be corrected with spectacles or contact lenses'. A child may be found to have a visual impairment in the first few months of life, before it is possible to diagnose autism; start life sighted but later lose their sight; or lose their sight through self-injury. There are no published tools for diagnosing autism in people with visual impairment.
We do not know how many autistic people have visual impairment. Visual impairment itself is low incidence, so visual impairment and autism must be very low incidence.
However, for the people concerned, for their families and for the practitioners working with them, the impact is very high. When visual impairment and autism occur together, it is not a question of simply adding together the impact of the two disabilities - the impact is much greater because the difficulties arising from each disability interact with each other.
Autistic people who have visual impairment will all have individual characteristics, abilities and needs. Commonly-used approaches will not always be suitable.
Visual impairment
Visual impairment ဆိုတာ မ်က္မွန္ (သို႕) မ်က္ကပ္မွန္ တို႕ႏွင္႔ ကုသ၍ မရေသာ အျမင္အာရံု အားနည္းျခင္း၊ မရိွျခင္း တို႔ျဖစ္သည္။ ကေလးတစ္ေယာက္ဟာ ပထမ လ အနည္းငယ္အတြင္း Autism ျဖစ္၊မျဖစ္ သိရိွရန္ မျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေသာ္လည္း အျမင္အာရံု ခၽြက္ယြင္းျခင္းရိွလွ်င္ ေစာစီစြာ သိရိွႏိုင္ပါသည္။ ကေလးသည္ ေမြးခါစတြင္ အျမင္ရရိွေသာ္လဲ ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ အျမင္ ဆံုးရွံးသြားတက္သည္။ သိုေသာ္ Visual impairment ျဖစ္ပြားမႈ ႏႈန္း မွာ နည္းသျဖင္႔ Autistic မ်ားတြင္လည္း ျဖစ္ပြားႏုိင္ေျခ နည္းလွသည္။
Source
https://www.autism.org.uk/about/what-is/related-conditions.aspx
